Module:Unicode data
This Lua module is used on approximately 1,300,000 pages, or roughly 3231% of all pages. To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the module's /sandbox or /testcases subpages, or in your own module sandbox. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on the talk page before implementing them. |
Usage
This module provides functions that access information on Unicode code points. The information is retrieved from data modules generated from the Unicode Character Database, or derived by rules given in the Unicode Specification. It and its submodules were copied from English Wiktionary and then modified; see there for more information.
Parameters and functions
code point
The code point is to be entered as hexadecimal value. For example, U+00A9 © COPYRIGHT SIGN:
- |A9hex
- |0xA9hex
- |0x00A9hex
- |0x00a9hex
{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|0x00A9}}
→ COPYRIGHT SIGN
Incorrect or unintended results:
- 169dec:
{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|169}}
→ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE , is read as 169hex => 361hex - U+00A9
{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|U+00A9}}
- غ
{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|غ}}
, cannot enter a character as codepoint.
lookup_ and is_ functions
lookup, is
- Template-invokable functions that allow access to the functions starting with
lookup
andis
. Replace the first underscore in the function name with a pipe. For most of the functions, add the code point in hexadecimal base as the next parameter, but foris_Latin
,is_rtl
, andis_valid_pagename
, add text. HTML character references in the text are decoded by the module into code points. - For example,
{{#invoke:Unicode data|is|Latin|àzàhàr̃iyyā̀}}
→ true.
- name,
lookup_name|code point
- Receives a code point (hex number) and returns its name or label.
- For
&A9;
©:{{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|name|A9}}
→ COPYRIGHT SIGN
List of functions
- Incomplete (as of 24 March 2022)
- Code points: enter hexadecimal value, for example
|0x61
or|61
.
Topic | Function | Parameter type | Example-in | Returns | Character |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode character name | |lookup_name
|
code point |
|
|
|
Scripts | |lookup_script
|
code point | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|script|A061}}
|
Yiii |
|
Blocks | |lookup_block
|
code point | {{#invoke:Unicode data|lookup|block|A061}}
|
Yi Syllables |
|
Planes | |lookup_plane
|
code point |
|
|
|
General Category | |lookup_category
|
code point |
|
|
|
Controls | |is_control
|
code point |
|
|
|
Latin script | |is_Latin
|
string |
|
|
|
WP:Article title (WP:NCTR) | |is_valid_pagename
|
string |
|
|
|
Bidirectionality, right-to-left scripts | |is_rtl
|
string |
|
|
|
Combining character | |is_combining
|
code point |
|
|
|
Character assignation | |is_assigned
|
code point |
|
|
|
Printable | |is_printable
|
code point |
|
|
|
Whitespace character § Unicode | |is_whitespace
|
code point |
|
|
|
Hangul | |Hangul
|
[application unknown] |
| ||
Alias names | |aliases
|
[application unknown] |
| ||
get_best_script | |get_best_script
|
[application unknown] |
Data modules
The data used by functions in this module is found in submodules. Some are generated by AWK scripts shown at User:Kephir/Unicode on English Wiktionary, others by Lua scripts on the /make
subpages of the submodules.
- Module:Unicode data/aliases: the formal name aliases for characters (from NameAliases.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/blocks: the list of Unicode blocks (from Blocks.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/category: data mapping characters to their General Category (from DerivedGeneralCategory.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/control: data for identifying characters that belong to the General Categories of Separator and Other (from DerivedGeneralCategory.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/combining: data mapping characters to their Combining Classes (from DerivedCombiningClass.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/Hangul: data used to generate the names of Hangul syllables (from Jamo.txt)
- Module:Unicode data/scripts: data mapping characters to their Unicode script properties (from Scripts.txt).
The name data modules (Module:Unicode data/names/xxx) were compiled from UnicodeData.txt. Each one contains, at maximum, code points U+xxx000 to U+xxxFFF. Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 209: too many expensive function calls.
Copyright
The Unicode database is released by Unicode Inc. under the following terms:
Copyright © 1991-2018 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. Distributed under the Terms of Use in https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Unicode data files and any associated documentation (the "Data Files") or Unicode software and any associated documentation (the "Software") to deal in the Data Files or Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, and/or sell copies of the Data Files or Software, and to permit persons to whom the Data Files or Software are furnished to do so, provided that either (a) this copyright and permission notice appear with all copies of the Data Files or Software, or (b) this copyright and permission notice appear in associated Documentation.
THE DATA FILES AND SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR HOLDERS INCLUDED IN THIS NOTICE BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, OR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE DATA FILES OR SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in these Data Files or Software without prior written authorization of the copyright holder.
Known issues
- U+0634 ش ARABIC LETTER SHEEN]: false - true,
rtl
expected
See also
- Named entities for U+22C1 ⋁ N-ARY LOGICAL OR:
{{#invoke:LoadData|Numcr2namecr|0x22C1}}
→ ⋁, ⋁, ⋁
local p = {}
local floor = math.floor
local function errorf(level, ...)
if type(level) == "number" then
return error(string.format(...), level + 1)
else -- level is actually the format string.
return error(string.format(level, ...), 2)
end
end
local function binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
local low, mid, high
low, high = 1, ranges.length or require "Module:TableTools".length(ranges)
while low <= high do
mid = floor((low + high) / 2)
local range = ranges[mid]
if codepoint < range[1] then
high = mid - 1
elseif codepoint <= range[2] then
return range, mid
else
low = mid + 1
end
end
return nil, mid
end
p.binary_range_search = binary_range_search
--[[
local function linear_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
for i, range in ipairs(ranges) do
if range[1] <= codepoint and codepoint <= range[2] then
return range
end
end
end
--]]
-- Load a module by indexing "loader" with the name of the module minus the
-- "Module:Unicode data/" part. For instance, loader.blocks returns
-- [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]]. If a module cannot be loaded, false will be
-- returned.
local loader = setmetatable({}, {
__index = function (self, key)
local success, data = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:Unicode data/" .. key)
if not success then
data = false
end
self[key] = data
return data
end
})
-- For the algorithm used to generate Hangul Syllable names,
-- see "Hangul Syllable Name Generation" in section 3.12 of the
-- Unicode Specification:
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch03.pdf
local name_hooks = {
{ 0x00, 0x1F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- C0 control characters
{ 0x7F, 0x9F, "<control-%04X>" }, -- DEL and C1 control characters
{ 0x3400, 0x4DBF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension A
{ 0x4E00, 0x9FFF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph
{ 0xAC00, 0xD7A3, function (codepoint) -- Hangul Syllables
local Hangul_data = loader.Hangul
local syllable_index = codepoint - 0xAC00
return ("HANGUL SYLLABLE %s%s%s"):format(
Hangul_data.leads[floor(syllable_index / Hangul_data.final_count)],
Hangul_data.vowels[floor((syllable_index % Hangul_data.final_count)
/ Hangul_data.trail_count)],
Hangul_data.trails[syllable_index % Hangul_data.trail_count]
)
end },
-- High Surrogates, High Private Use Surrogates, Low Surrogates
{ 0xD800, 0xDFFF, "<surrogate-%04X>" },
{ 0xE000, 0xF8FF, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Private Use
-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs
{ 0xF900, 0xFA6D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" },
{ 0xFA70, 0xFAD9, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" },
{ 0x17000, 0x187F7, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph
{ 0x18800, 0x18AFF, function (codepoint)
return ("TANGUT COMPONENT-%03d"):format(codepoint - 0x187FF)
end },
{ 0x18D00, 0x18D08, "TANGUT IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- Tangut Ideograph Supplement
{ 0x1B170, 0x1B2FB, "NUSHU CHARACTER-%04X" }, -- Nushu
{ 0x20000, 0x2A6DF, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension B
{ 0x2A700, 0x2B738, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension C
{ 0x2B740, 0x2B81D, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension D
{ 0x2B820, 0x2CEA1, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension E
{ 0x2CEB0, 0x2EBE0, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension F
-- CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (Supplementary Ideographic Plane)
{ 0x2F800, 0x2FA1D, "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-%04X" },
{ 0xE0100, 0xE01EF, function (codepoint) -- Variation Selectors Supplement
return ("VARIATION SELECTOR-%d"):format(codepoint - 0xE0100 + 17)
end},
{ 0x30000, 0x3134A, "CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-%04X" }, -- CJK Ideograph Extension G
{ 0xF0000, 0xFFFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" }, -- Plane 15 Private Use
{ 0x100000, 0x10FFFD, "<private-use-%04X>" } -- Plane 16 Private Use
}
name_hooks.length = #name_hooks
local name_range_cache
local function generate_name(data, codepoint)
if type(data) == "string" then
return data:format(codepoint)
else
return data(codepoint)
end
end
--[[
-- Checks that the code point is a number and in range.
-- Does not check whether code point is an integer.
-- Not used
local function check_codepoint(funcName, argIdx, val)
require 'libraryUtil'.checkType(funcName, argIdx, val, 'number')
if codepoint < 0 or 0x10FFFF < codepoint then
errorf("Codepoint %04X out of range", codepoint)
end
end
--]]
-- https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch04.pdf, section 4.8
function p.lookup_name(codepoint)
-- U+FDD0-U+FDEF and all code points ending in FFFE or FFFF are Unassigned
-- (Cn) and specifically noncharacters:
-- https://www.unicode.org/faq/private_use.html#nonchar4
if 0xFDD0 <= codepoint and (codepoint <= 0xFDEF
or floor(codepoint % 0x10000) >= 0xFFFE) then
return ("<noncharacter-%04X>"):format(codepoint)
end
if name_range_cache -- Check if previously used "name hook" applies to this code point.
and codepoint >= name_range_cache[1]
and codepoint <= name_range_cache[2] then
return generate_name(name_range_cache[3], codepoint)
end
local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, name_hooks)
if range then
name_range_cache = range
return generate_name(range[3], codepoint)
end
local data = loader[('names/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
if data and data[codepoint] then
return data[codepoint]
-- Unassigned (Cn) consists of noncharacters and reserved characters.
-- The character has been established not to be a noncharacter,
-- and if it were assigned, its name would already been retrieved,
-- so it must be reserved.
else
return ("<reserved-%04X>"):format(codepoint)
end
end
--[[
-- No image data modules on Wikipedia yet.
function p.lookup_image(codepoint)
local data = loader[('images/%03X'):format(codepoint / 0x1000)]
if data then
return data[codepoint]
end
end
--]]
local planes = {
[ 0] = "Basic Multilingual Plane";
[ 1] = "Supplementary Multilingual Plane";
[ 2] = "Supplementary Ideographic Plane";
[ 3] = "Tertiary Ideographic Plane";
[14] = "Supplementary Special-purpose Plane";
[15] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-A";
[16] = "Supplementary Private Use Area-B";
}
-- Load [[Module:Unicode data/blocks]] if needed and assign it to this variable.
local blocks
local function block_iter(blocks, i)
i = i + 1
local data = blocks[i]
if data then
-- Unpack doesn't work on tables loaded with mw.loadData.
return i, data[1], data[2], data[3]
end
end
-- An ipairs-type iterator generator for the list of blocks.
function p.enum_blocks()
local blocks = loader.blocks
return block_iter, blocks, 0
end
function p.lookup_plane(codepoint)
local i = floor(codepoint / 0x10000)
return planes[i] or ("Plane %u"):format(i)
end
function p.lookup_block(codepoint)
local blocks = loader.blocks
local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, blocks)
if range then
return range[3]
else
return "No Block"
end
end
function p.get_block_info(name)
for i, block in ipairs(loader.blocks) do
if block[3] == name then
return block
end
end
end
function p.is_valid_pagename(pagename)
local has_nonws = false
for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(pagename) do
if (cp == 0x0023) -- #
or (cp == 0x005B) -- [
or (cp == 0x005D) -- ]
or (cp == 0x007B) -- {
or (cp == 0x007C) -- |
or (cp == 0x007D) -- }
or (cp == 0x180E) -- MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR
or ((cp >= 0x2000) and (cp <= 0x200A)) -- spaces in General Punctuation block
or (cp == 0xFFFD) -- REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
then
return false
end
local printable, result = p.is_printable(cp)
if not printable then
return false
end
if result ~= "space-separator" then
has_nonws = true
end
end
return has_nonws
end
local function manual_unpack(what, from)
if what[from + 1] == nil then
return what[from]
end
local result = {}
from = from or 1
for i, item in ipairs(what) do
if i >= from then
table.insert(result, item)
end
end
return unpack(result)
end
local function compare_ranges(range1, range2)
return range1[1] < range2[1]
end
-- Creates a function to look up data in a module that contains "singles" (a
-- code point-to-data map) and "ranges" (an array containing arrays that contain
-- the low and high code points of a range and the data associated with that
-- range).
-- "loader" loads and returns the "singles" and "ranges" tables.
-- "match_func" is passed the code point and either the data or the "dots", and
-- generates the final result of the function.
-- The varargs ("dots") describes the default data to be returned if there wasn't
-- a match.
-- In case the function is used more than once, "cache" saves ranges that have
-- already been found to match, or a range whose data is the default if there
-- was no match.
local function memo_lookup(data_module_subpage, match_func, ...)
local dots = { ... }
local cache = {}
local singles, ranges
return function (codepoint)
if not singles then
local data_module = loader[data_module_subpage]
singles, ranges = data_module.singles, data_module.ranges
end
if singles[codepoint] then
return match_func(codepoint, singles[codepoint])
end
local range = binary_range_search(codepoint, cache)
if range then
return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
end
local range, index = binary_range_search(codepoint, ranges)
if range then
table.insert(cache, range)
table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
return match_func(codepoint, manual_unpack(range, 3))
end
if ranges[index] then
local dots_range
if codepoint > ranges[index][2] then
dots_range = {
ranges[index][2] + 1,
ranges[index + 1] and ranges[index + 1][1] - 1 or 0x10FFFF,
unpack(dots)
}
else -- codepoint < range[index][1]
dots_range = {
ranges[index - 1] and ranges[index - 1][2] + 1 or 0,
ranges[index][1] - 1,
unpack(dots)
}
end
table.sort(cache, compare_ranges)
end
return match_func(codepoint)
end
end
-- Get a code point's combining class value in [[Module:Unicode data/combining]],
-- and return whether this value is not zero. Zero is assigned as the default
-- if the combining class value is not found in this data module.
-- That is, return true if character is combining, or false if it is not.
-- See https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/#Canonical_Combining_Class_Values for
-- more information.
p.is_combining = memo_lookup(
"combining",
function (codepoint, combining_class)
return combining_class and combining_class ~= 0 or false
end,
0)
function p.add_dotted_circle(str)
return (mw.ustring.gsub(str, ".",
function(char)
if p.is_combining(mw.ustring.codepoint(char)) then
return '◌' .. char
end
end))
end
local lookup_control = memo_lookup(
"control",
function (codepoint, ccc)
return ccc or "assigned"
end,
"assigned")
p.lookup_control = lookup_control
function p.is_assigned(codepoint)
return lookup_control(codepoint) ~= "unassigned"
end
function p.is_printable(codepoint)
local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
return (result == "assigned") or (result == "space-separator"), result
end
function p.is_whitespace(codepoint)
local result = lookup_control(codepoint)
return (result == "space-separator"), result
end
p.lookup_category = memo_lookup(
"category",
function (codepoint, category)
return category
end,
"Cn")
local lookup_script = memo_lookup(
"scripts",
function (codepoint, script_code)
return script_code or 'Zzzz'
end,
"Zzzz")
p.lookup_script = lookup_script
function p.get_best_script(str)
-- Check type of argument, because mw.text.decode coerces numbers to strings!
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")
-- Convert HTML character references (including named character references,
-- or character entities) to characters.
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
local scripts = {}
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
-- Ignore "Inherited", "Undetermined", or "Uncoded" scripts.
if not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh" or script == "Zzzz") then
scripts[script] = true
end
end
-- If scripts does not contain two or more keys,
-- return first and only key (script code) in table.
if not next(scripts, next(scripts)) then
return next(scripts)
end -- else return majority script, or else "Zzzz"?
end
function p.is_Latin(str)
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
-- code points U+0340-U+10FFFF. If they are not found and there is at least
-- one Latin-script character, the string counts as Latin, because the rest
-- of the characters can only be Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
-- The only scripts found below U+0370 (the first code point of the Greek
-- and Coptic block) are Latn, Zyyy, Zinh, and Zzzz.
-- See the codepage in the [[UTF-8]] article.
if not str:find "[\205-\244]" then
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
if lookup_script(codepoint) == "Latn" then
return true
end
end
end
local Latn = false
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
if script == "Latn" then
Latn = true
elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh"
or script == "Zzzz") then
return false
end
end
return Latn
end
-- Checks that a string contains only characters belonging to right-to-left
-- scripts, or characters of ignorable scripts.
function p.is_rtl(str)
require "libraryUtil".checkType("get_best_script", 1, str, "string")
str = mw.text.decode(str, true)
-- Search for the leading bytes that introduce the UTF-8 encoding of the
-- code points U+0580-U+10FFFF. If they are not found, the string can only
-- have characters from a left-to-right script, because the first code point
-- in a right-to-left script is U+0591, in the Hebrew block.
if not str:find "[\214-\244]" then
return false
end
local result = false
local rtl = loader.scripts.rtl
for codepoint in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(str) do
local script = lookup_script(codepoint)
if rtl[script] then
result = true
elseif not (script == "Zyyy" or script == "Zinh"
or script == "Zzzz") then
return false
end
end
return result
end
local function get_codepoint(args, arg)
local codepoint_string = args[arg]
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg))
local codepoint = tonumber(codepoint_string, 16)
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is not a code point in hexadecimal base",
tostring(arg))
if not (0 <= codepoint and codepoint <= 0x10FFFF) then
errorf(2, "code point in parameter %s out of range", tostring(arg))
end
return codepoint
end
local function get_func(args, arg, prefix)
local suffix = args[arg]
or errorf(2, "Parameter %s is required", tostring(arg))
suffix = mw.text.trim(suffix)
local func_name = prefix .. suffix
local func = p[func_name]
or errorf(2, "There is no function '%s'", func_name)
return func
end
-- This function allows any of the "lookup" functions to be invoked. The first
-- parameter is the word after "lookup_"; the second parameter is the code point
-- in hexadecimal base.
function p.lookup(frame)
local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "lookup_")
local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
local result = func(codepoint)
if func == p.lookup_name then
-- Prevent code point labels such as <control-0000> from being
-- interpreted as HTML tags.
result = result:gsub("<", "<")
end
return result
end
function p.is(frame)
local func = get_func(frame.args, 1, "is_")
-- is_Latin and is_valid_pagename take strings.
if func == p.is_Latin or func == p.is_valid_pagename or func == p.is_rtl then
return (func(frame.args[2]))
else -- The rest take code points.
local codepoint = get_codepoint(frame.args, 2)
return (func(codepoint)) -- Adjust to one result.
end
end
return p