Wikipedia>Colonies Chris at 18:18, 25 June 2021

2021-06-25T18:18:38Z

New page

{{documentation subpage}}
{{COinS safe|n}}
{{template shortcut|M}}
*For the "small letter m with dot below" please use the HTML encoding "&7747;", or the Unicode "1E43" code.

Given a valid code (see table), outputs an earthquake magnitude scale label, either the generic {{M|.}}, or a subtype (such as {{M|w}} or {{M|blg}}), conformable with the labels most commonly used by the major seismological authorities. The article is automatically added to a tracking category. Optionally adds a value or relation, identifies a source, or links to explanatory text at [[Seismic magnitude scales]].

=== Usage ===
The full name serves to better identify this template's purpose. For most practical purposes, the shortcut {{tl|M}} is used as described below.

* <code><nowiki>{{ M | <code*> | <value or relation> | src = <source> | link=y }}</nowiki></code>

A valid '''code''' is required (see [[#Table|table]]), other parameters are optional.

===Examples===

Label only:
* {{tlx|M|w}} → {{M|w}}

With a value or range:
* {{tlx|M|s|5.1}} → {{M|s|5.1}}.
* {{tlx|M|w|6.2 – 6.5}} → {{M|w|6.2 – 6.5}}

Label wikilinked to explanatory text (useful for first mention):
* {{tlx|M|t|'''link=y'''}} → {{M|t|link=y}}
* {{tlx|M|b|5.2|'''link=y'''}} → {{M|b|5.2|link=y}}

To show that a magnitude is from a particular catalog or source use {{para|src}}:
* {{tlx|M|w|8.1|'''src='''HRV}}, {{tlx|M|e|8.8|'''src='''USGS-PDE}} → {{M|w|8.1|src=HRV}},   {{M|e|8.8|src=USGS-PDE}}
:(Note: this is not suitable for purposes of [[WP:Verification]].)

There are multiple magnitude scales. To maintain accuracy and avoid error '''''please use the proper code''''' (see below).
If you are uncertain use the special maintenance code "?", which flags this instance for further attention:
* {{tlx|M|'''?'''}} → {{M|?}}

Typical use in article text, with in-line citation:
* {{tq|The 1964 Alaska earthquake, magnitude <nowiki>{{M|w|6.7|src=NEIC}}<ref>{{short-isc|EHB|869809}}.</ref></nowiki> ....}}

The special code "'''magnitude'''" produces a suitable wikilink for generic use:
* {{tq|A {{m|magnitude}} 7 earthquake ....}}

The special codes "M" and "mag" produce a suitably wikilinked caption for use in tables:
* {{tlx|M|'''M'''}} → {{M|M}}; {{tlx|M|'''mag'''}} → {{M|mag}}

The standard symbol for [[seismic moment]] can be produced as straight text, or as a math variable (applies CSS 'texhtml' styling using {{tl|mvar}}):
* {{tlx|M|'''0'''}} → {{M|0}}; {{tlx|M|'''0tex'''}} → {{M|0tex}}

<div style="border: 2px solid #005000;margin: 2em; padding: 1em;">
{{hl| Important note: Please do NOT specify a magnitude as "Richter scale"}} just because a newspaper or other popular media says "Richter". '''That is usually incorrect'''. Earthquake magnitudes reported by the [[U.S. Geological Survey]] (USGS) and other seismological authorities now generally use the [[Seismic scale#Mw|moment magnitude scale]] for magnitudes greater than 4.0. While most newspapers and other popular media refer to this as the "Richter" magnitude, that is not correct. [[Richter magnitude scale|Richter's original scale]], explicitly denoted with the symbol "ML" or "ML" (where "L" indicates "Local"), was developed for measuring the magnitude of earthquakes in the vicinity of southern California. While the "Richter" and moment magnitude scales are similar, they do differ, particularly for earthquakes stronger than about M 6.5, or deeper than about 50 km.

In general: where any source specifies magnitude on a scale ''other than'' "Richter", or uses "M" (or "m") with one or more other letters (such as ML, Mw, Ms, or mb), that can be relied on; use the table below to match the label and determine the proper code.

Where a newspaper or other popular media refers to the scale or magnitude of a recent earthquake as "Richter" it is probably the popular mis-identification of the moment magnitude scale. Best practice is to check with an authoritative source, such as the USGS or the International Seismic Centre (see below). USGS policy is that magnitudes in press releases, indicated as "M" without any additional characters, are implicitly moment magnitude. But: '''do not use the "w" code''' if the source '''''does not actually say''''' "Mw" or "moment magnitude scale". If you have a strong basis for believing moment magnitude is meant – e.g., because it is a USGS press release – use the "dot" code to indicate an ''implicit'' Mw. E.g.: {{tlx|M|'''.'''|5.7}}→ {{M|.|5.7}}; {{tlx|M|'''.'''|link=y}}→ {{M|.|link=y}}.

If you are not sure of the scale, use {{tlx|M|?}}. See below on how to find authoritative magnitudes.
</div>

=== Data sources ===
{{hl|Newspapers and other mass media are ''not'' reliable sources for earthquake magnitudes.}} It is preferable that earthquake magnitudes always be obtained from '''authoritative sources''', such as the following.

* The '''ANSS''' (Advanced National Seismic System) '''Composite Catalog''', commonly known as "'''ComCat'''" is a near-realtime repository of earthquake information from the '''USGS''' (United States Geological Survey) and various regional data centers, with additional data from seismic networks around the world. Event pages for significant events generally have an executive summary, a tectonic overview, past earthquake history of that area, [[ShakeMap]]s, and other material. ComCat can be accessed in several ways:

:* [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/ Latest Earthquakes]. In most cases there is an initial report within 10 to 30 minutes of all magnitude 5.0+ earthquakes globally, and magnitude 4.0+ earthquakes within the contiguous U.S. Note that the magnitudes and locations in the initial reports are only first-order approximations, which get revised in the following hours, days, and months.

:* [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.php Significant Earthquakes archive]: a chronological listing of [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/browse/significant.php#sigdefsignificant events] since 1900.

:* [http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/ Interactive search].

:All of these access methods link to event pages in the ANSS Comprehensive Catalog (ComCat), which can be cited using {{tl|short-anss}} and {{tl|cite_anss}}.

* The '''ISC''' ([[International Seismological Centre]]) is the final and authoritative archive of global earthquake data. Services include:
:* The [http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/ On-Line Bulletin] ([http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/iscbulletin/search/catalogue/ IRIS mirror]) incorporates several catalogs (databases). There are catalog-specific search functions for finding events constrained by date period, magnitude range, or region (by latitude and longitude, or [[Flinn-Engdahl regions]]). Data may be revised years later as more data is obtained or processes refined. This is the '''most complete, most authoritative, and preferred source''' for earthquake magnitudes and epicenters.
:* [http://www.isc.ac.uk/event_bibliography/eventindex.php Event Bibliography] ([http://isc-mirror.iris.washington.edu/event_bibliography/eventindex.php IRIS mirror]) of scientific articles for notable events, indexed chronologically. (Useful for finding ISC event id.)
:* The [http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/overview.php ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue]: Definitive magnitudes for selected earthquakes since 1900. (Source id: GEM.)

:Data from the ISC can cited using {{tl|short-isc}} and {{tl|cite isc}}.

Earthquake magnitudes are given on different scales because they measure different aspects of the event, or are measured in different ways. It is valid to list multiple magnitudes for an event (not to be confused with multiple events such as foreshocks, aftershocks, and [[doublet earthquake]]s). Estimates of magnitude may differ between networks and across time because of differences or changes in how the seismograms are read and the data processed. For details see the NMSOP-2 documentation (below).

=== Table of codes ===
These are the most commonly found scales of earthquake ''magnitude''. Any scale not found in this table is mostly likely one of the following:
* An ''intensity'' scale. See [[Seismic intensity scales]] for explanation. This template does not cover intensity scales.
* A ''regional'' (or "local") scale used by some particular seismic network (or country). In general it is preferable to use one of the better known scales from the table. Exceptions are for historical reports; you will need to explicitly format as appropriate. If the scale has been properly calibrated (see MNSOP-2, Chapter 3, §3.2.4.3, p. 65) then "L" may be appropriate, along with the {{para|src}} parameter.
* A ''technical'' scale. While these might come up in an article related to seismology, they are not appropriate for general description of earthquakes. If needed, please format appropriately. On first use be sure to add a footnote explaining the scale.

''Be careful to distinguish'' upper- and lower-case "M/m", "B/b", "L/<kbd>l</kbd>", and "<kbd>I/i</kbd>". Other than that case is generally not significant, nor italicization or subscripting.

The examples in the table are representative, even comprehensive, but not complete.

{{refbegin}}
{|class=wikitable
|+ <big>Labels and codes for various earthquake magnitude scales</big>
|-
! colspan=5 | As seen in sources
! rowspan=2 |
! rowspan=2 | WP
! rowspan=2 | Code
! rowspan=2 | Mag. scale
! rowspan=2 | Cat.
! rowspan=2 | #
! rowspan=2 | Comments
|-
!IASPEI
!NMSOP
!USGS
!ISC
!BSSA
|- #
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --||
|{{M|?}} ||? || Unspecified
|[[:Category:Articles with unspecified earthquake magnitude and/or scale|M_?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_?|R}}
|WP: scale is unspecified or indeterminate.
|- #
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --||
|{{M|??}} ||?? || Needs verification
|[[:Category:Articles with unverified magnitude and/or scale|M_??]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_??|R}}
|WP: the scale and/or magnitude needs verification.
|- #
| --|| --|| --|| --|| --||
|{{M|R?|link=y}} ||R? || Dubious "Richter"
|[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_R?]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_R?|R}}
|WP: "Richter" scale is asserted, but dubious.
|- ----------
|
|- #
| || || UK || || ||→
|{{M|uk|link=y}} || uk || Unknown
|[[:Category:Articles using Muk magnitude scale|M_uk]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_uk|R}}
|Source says "unknown" scale. Might be 1954 MGR or MPAS mag.; see below (gr), or [[Seismic magnitude scales#Muk|here]].

|- #
| ML || M<kbd>l</kbd> || ML || ML || ''M''L ||→
|{{M|L|link=y}} || <kbd>l</kbd> || [[Richter magnitude scale|Local ("Richter")]]
|[[:Category:Articles using ML magnitude scale|M_L]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_L|R}}
| §4.1. "Local" to Southern Calif. Adapted for other regions, but not necessarily comparable.
|- #
| || MJMA || Mj || || ''M''JMA ||→
|{{M|jma|link=y}} ||jma || JMA "Local" mag.
|[[:Category:Articles using Mjma magnitude scale|M_jma]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_jma|R}}
| §3.2.4.7. Japanese Meteorological Agency. Also MJ or MJMA, but ''not'' Mw(JMA).
|- #
| || || Mh || || ''M''h ||→
|{{M|h|link=y}} || h || by "hand"
|[[:Category:Articles using Mh for magnitude|M_h]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_h|R}}
| Ad hoc methods for special cases
|- ----------
|

|- #
| M{{ssub|0}}, ''M''{{ssub|0}} || M{{ssub|0}} ||M{{ssub|0}} || || ||→
|{{M|0|link=y}} ||0 || [[seismic moment]]
|[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0|M_0]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0|R}}
| "M zero". A physical value, basis of Mw. In Newton-meters or dyne-centimeters
|- #
| || || || || {{mvar|M{{ssub|0}}}} ||→
|{{M|0tex|link=y}} ||0tex || [[seismic moment]]
|[[:Category:Articles using seismic moment M0 with 0tex option|M_0tex]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_0tex|R}}
| "M zero" as a math variable in text
|- #
| || || M || ||'''M'''||→
|{{M|.|link=y}} ||'''.''' || [[Moment magnitude scale|moment mag.]]
|[[:Category:Articles using implicit Mw magnitude scale|M_w.]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w.|R}}
| dot: implicit Mw.
|- #
| Mw || || Mw, w || || ''M''w||→
|{{M|w|link=y}} ||w || [[Moment magnitude scale|moment mag.]]
|[[:Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale|M_w]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_w|R}}
| §4.7. Use only for ''explicit'' Mw, Mw, or mw.
|- #
| || ||Mww, ww|| || ||→
|{{M|ww|link=y}} ||ww ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mww magnitude scale|M_ww]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}}
| Mw from centroid m.t.i. (moment tensor inversion) of W-phase.
|- #
| || ||Mwc, wc|| || ||→
|{{M|wc|link=y}} ||wc ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwc magnitude scale|M_wc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wc|R}}
| Mw from centroid m.t.i. of long-period surface waves.
|- #
| || ||Mwb, wb|| || ||→
|{{M|wb|link=y}} ||wb ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwb magnitude scale|M_wb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wb|R}}
| Mw from m.t.i. of long-period body waves.
|- #
| || ||Mwr, wr|| || ||→
|{{M|wr|link=y}} ||wr ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwr magnitude scale|M_wr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wr|R}}
| Mw from m.t.i. of whole seismogram at regional distances.
|- #
| || ||Mwp, wp|| || ||→
|{{M|wp|link=y}} ||wp ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale|M_wp]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wp|R}}
| Mw from integrated p-wave §3.2.8.2
|- #
|Mwpd || || || || ||→
|{{M|wpd|link=y}} ||wpd ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale with duration|M_wpd]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_wpd|R}}
| Mwp w/ duration §3.2.8.3
|- #
| || || M<kbd>i</kbd> || || ||→
|{{M|i|link=y}} || <kbd>i</kbd> ||
|[[:Category:Articles using Mi magnitude scale|M_i]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_i|R}}
| Only if '''''lower-case''''' "'''<kbd>i</kbd>'''"! USGS synonym for Mwp
|- ----------
|

|- #
| mb || mb || mb || ''M''b || mb ||→
|{{M|b|link=y}} ||b || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, short-period]]
|[[:Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale|M_b]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_b|R}}
| §4.3. ''Case sensitive'': use "b"
|- #
| mB || mB || -- || M || ''M''b(BB) ||→
|{{M|B|link=y}} ||B || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, broadband]]
|[[:Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale|M_B]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_B|R}}
| §4.2; Gutenberg, 1945b,c. ''Case sensitive'': use "B".
|- #
| mB_BB || mB || -- || M || ''M''b(BB) ||→
|{{M|bbb|link=y}} ||bbb || [[Body wave magnitude|body-wave, broadband]]
|[[:Category:Articles using mBbb magnitude scale|M_Bbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bbb|R}}
| §4.2
|- #
| mb_Lg || mbLg || mb_Lg, MLg || || ''m''b(Lg) ||→
|{{M|blg|link=y}} ||b<kbd>l</kbd>g || mb from Lg wave
|[[:Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale|M_bLg]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_bLg|R}}
| §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1986. North America east of the [[Rocky Mountains]], and other [[cratons]]
|- #
| || || Mn || MN || ||→
|{{M|N|link=y}} || n || mb from Lg wave
|[[:Category:M N|M_N]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_N|R}}
| §3.2.4.4; §4.6; Nuttli, 1973. Same as mbLg
|- #
| mBc || || || || ||→
|{{M|bc|link=y}} || bc || Cumulative body-wave
|[[:Category:Articles using mBc magnitude scale|M_Bc]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_Bc|R}}
| §3.2.8.1
|- --------
|

|- #
| || || Ms || Ms || ''M''s||→
|{{M|s|link=y}} || s || [[Surface-wave magnitude|surface wave]]
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms magnitude scale|M_s]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s|R}}
| §4.4. small "s": Gutenberg (1945a) ~20 s period s.w.; Ms_20
|- #
| || || Ms || MS || ''M''S||→
|{{M|S|link=y}} || S || [[Surface-wave magnitude|surface wave]]
|[[:Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale|M_S]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_S|R}}
| §4.4. Big "S": broadband s.w. (Ms_BB), or (older sources) mis-capitalized Ms
|- #
| Ms_20 || Ms || Ms || Ms || ''M''s(20) ||→
|{{M|s20|link=y}} ||s20 || surface-wave 20s
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms20 magnitude scale|M_s20]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s20|R}}
| §4.4. 20 s period s.w. mag. per IASPEI
|- #
| Ms_BB || Ms || -- || MS || ''M''s(BB) ||→
|{{M|sbb|link=y}} ||sbb || [[Surface-wave magnitude|surface wave broadband]]
|[[:Category:Articles using Msbb magnitude scale|M_sbb]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sbb|R}}
| §4.5. Broadband s.w. mag. per IASPEI
|- #
| || || Mz || || ||→
|{{M|z|link=y}} ||z || surface wave, vertical
|[[:Category:Articles using Mz magnitude scale|M_z]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_z|R}}
| Measured from the vertical phase before that became standard.
|- #
| Ms7 || || || || ''M''S7||→
|{{M|s7|link=y}} ||s7 || surface wave
|[[:Category:Articles using Ms7 magnitude scale|M_s7]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_s7|R}}
| Vertical phase on Chinese seismograph
|- #
| || || MSn || || ||→
|{{M|sn|link=y}} ||sn || surface wave
|[[:Category:Articles using Msn magnitude scale|M_sn]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_sn|R}}
| 1-second period per Nuttli, 1983
|- #
| || || MGR || || ''M''GR ||→
|{{M|gr|link=y}} || gr || [[Seismic scale#Mgr|Gutenberg-Richter]]
|[[:Category:Articles using Mgr magnitude scale|M_gr]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_gr|R}}
| 1954 G-R version of Ms. Includes MPAS ("Pasadena")
|- #
| || || MR || || ||→
|{{M|r|link=y}} || r || Rothe
|[[:Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale|M_r]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_r|R}}
| ''Not'' "Richter"! Averaged Ms per Rothe 1969
|- #
| || || MLH || || ||→
|{{M|lh|link=y}} || lh || Russian Ms
|[[:Category:Articles using MLH magnitude scale|M_LH]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_LH|R}}
| Parts of Russia (Obninsk)
|- --------
|

|- #
| Mc || || || || ''M''c||→
|{{M|c|link=y}} ||c || coda length
|[[:Category:Articles using Mc magnitude scale|M_c]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_c|R}}
| §3.2.4.5
|- #
| Md || Md || MD || || ''M''D||→
|{{M|d|link=y}} ||d || [[Earthquake duration magnitude|duration]]
|[[:Category:Articles using Md magnitude scale|M_d]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_d|R}}
| §3.2.4.5. Many variants. ''Not'' JMA displacement mag.
|- #
| || Mt || || || ||→
|{{M|t|link=y}} ||t || tsunami mag.
|[[:Category:Articles using Mt magnitude scale|M_t]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_t|R}}
| §3.2.6.7. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC]
|- #
| || || || || ''M''m ||→
|{{M|m|link=y}} ||m || mantle mag.
|[[:Category:Articles using Mm magnitude scale|M_m]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_m|R}}
| §3.2.8.5. Used by [http://ptwc.weather.gov/ PTWC]
|- --------
|
|- #
| || Me || Me || || ||→
|{{M|e|link=y}} ||e || energy mag.
|[[:Category:Articles using Me magnitude scale|M_e]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_e|R}}
| §3.2.7.2
|- #
| || || K || || ||
| – || – || K-class
|[[:Category:Articles using K-class energy magnitude scale|K]]||{{PAGESINCAT:K|R}}
| See [[Energy class]]. Use [[:Template:K]]
|- #
| || || M(K) || || ||→
|{{M|k|link=y}} ||k || [[Seismic scale#MK|K-class mag.]]
|[[:Category:Articles using MK magnitude scale|M_K]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_K|R}}
| Mag. calculated from "energy class" K
|- --------
|

|- #
| || Mms || || || ||→
|{{M|ms|link=y}} || ms || macroseismic
|[[:Category:Articles using Mms magnitude scale|M_ms]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_ms|R}}
| §3.2.6.6. Generic mag. estimated from macroseismic effects
|- #
| || || Mfa, FA || || ''M''fa ||→
|{{M|fa|link=y}} || fa || mb from felt-area
|[[:Category:Articles using Mfa magnitude scale|M_fa]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_fa|R}}
| Stover & Coffman, 1999. Est. from extent of felt-area. Multiple methods.
|- #
| || || MLa || || ||→
|{{M|la|link=y}} ||<kbd>l</kbd>a || ML from felt-area
|[[:Category:Articles using Mla magnitude scale|M_la]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_la|R}}
| ML est. from intensity reports; for Calif. and Hawaii
|- #
| || || M<kbd>I</kbd> || || ||→
|{{M|I|link=y}} || <kbd>I</kbd> || ML from intensity
|[[:Category:Articles using MI magnitude scale|M_I]]||{{PAGESINCAT:M_I|R}}
| Only if '''''upper-case''''' "'''<kbd>I</kbd>'''"! Est. from epicentral intensity.
|- --------

|}

Examples of use are from the [http://www.iaspei.org International Association of Earth Physics and Interior] ('''IASPEI'''), the first edition of the [http://bib.telegrafenberg.de/publizieren/vertrieb/nmsop/nmsop-2002/ New Manual of Seismological Practice] ('''NMSOP''')(the second edition follows the IASPEI), the [[United States Geological Survey]] ('''USGS''') National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), the [[International Seismological Centre]] ('''ISC'''), and the [[Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America]] ('''BSSA'''), as summarized in table 3 of the IASPEI/MNSOP-2 [http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de Information Sheet 3.3]. Additional magnitude scales from [http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de Chapter 3] of MNSOP-2, ISC documentation, the [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/terms.php USGS], and a review of the literature. Section numbers under "Comments" are for either Chapter 3, or Information Sheet 3.3

Principal references on usage are:
*{{Citation
|editor1-first= P. |editor1-last= Bormann
|date= 2012
|title= New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)
|publisher= IASPEI/GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
|place= Potsdam
|doi= 10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2
|url= http://nmsop.gfz-potsdam.de
}}.

*{{Citation
|ref= CITEREFIS 3.32014
|first1= P. |last1= Bormann
|first2= J. W. |last2= Dewey
|date= 2014
|chapter= Information Sheet 3.3: The new IASPEI standards for determining magnitudes from digital data and their relation to classical magnitudes.
|chapter-url= http://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/pubman/item/escidoc:816929:1/component/escidoc:816928/IS_3.3_rev1.pdf
|editor1-last= Bormann
|title= New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP-2)
|doi= 10.2312/GFZ.NMSOP-2_IS_3.3
|url= http://bib.telegrafenberg.de/publizieren/vertrieb/nmsop/
}}.

These sources also have extensive discussion and references on the derivation and comparison of the various scales.

The nomenclature style implemented here is adapted from IASPEI/MNSOP-2 Information Sheet 3.3. This style differs from IASPEI style mainly in using subscripts rather than underscores, and from BSSA style mainly in not using parentheses.

"Cat.": the Categories for tracking use of these various scales. "#" is the number of articles in that category.
{{refend}}

==See also==
* {{cl|Articles using templated earthquake magnitude scale}}, sub-categorized by scale used.
* [[Seismic magnitude scales]]. Brief descriptions of the most common magnitude scales.
* [[Template:Cite anss]] For citing data from the USGS-[[Advanced National Seismic System|ANSS]] Comprehensive Catalog.
* [[Template:Short-anss]] In-line short-cite.
* [[Template:Cite isc]] For citing data from the [[International Seismological Centre]].
* [[Template:Short-isc]] In-line short-cite.

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||

[[Category:Unit indicator templates]]
[[Category:Character templates]]
[[Category:Seismology measurement]]
[[Category:Earthquake templates|M]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Earthquake magnitude/doc - Revision history

Wikipedia>Colonies Chris at 18:18, 25 June 2021